Investigating The Characteristics Of A Filament Lamp Essay Example

Investigating The Characteristics Of A Filament Lamp Essay Aim: To investigate how the current in a component changes as the voltage is altered. Prediction: As the voltage in the filament lamp increases, more current will flow through the circuit, causing the tungsten filament to get hotter. According to Ohms law (R =V/I), the resistance in the circuit will therefore increase. Scientific Knowledge: In order to give reason for the prediction above, already proven scientific theory can be used. A number of factors can affect how the current in a component, such as a filament lamp, can change as the voltage is altered. A predominant factor is the resistance in the circuit. The resistance in a circuit can be worked out by employing Ohms law, which declares that the resistance in a wire is equal to the voltage (V) over current (I). The final answer is given in Ohms, or (?), and the results can be displayed on a line graph and a line of best fit can be drawn. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating The Characteristics Of A Filament Lamp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating The Characteristics Of A Filament Lamp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating The Characteristics Of A Filament Lamp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The overall resistance in a wire can be affected, in itself, by a number of different factors. These are: i.) The length of the wire: As the length of wire increases, the total resistance in the circuit will also increase. This is because the electrons in the circuit have to get past positive ions in order to travel around the circuit. Therefore, as the length of the wire increases, the wire will contain more positive ions, and the electrons will have to pass more positive ions in order to travel around the circuit. Travelling past the positive ions causes the electrons to use up more energy just to travel around, and so the resistance shall also increase. ii.) The number of components in a circuit: Electrons require more energy to travel through components in a circuit than if they merely through just a plain wire. Therefore, the more components in a circuit, the higher the resistance will be. iii.)The cross sectional area of a wire: As the cross-sectional area of a wire increases, the resistance in the circuit will decrease. This is because there is more room in the wire for electrons to pass through, and therefore less energy is wasted as the electrons move through the circuit. iv.) Material of the wire: Some materials are better conductors of electricity than others. The better the conductor, the less resistance there will be in the wire and the easier it is for electrons to flow around the circuit. v.) Temperature of wire: As the temperature of the wire increases, the resistance in the wire also increases. Invented by Thomas Edison (1847-1931), the filament light bulb is a common feature in practically every modern home around the world. In theory the structure of a filament light bulb is quite simple. At the base of the light bulb there are two small metal contacts, which connect into a circuit. These contacts are attached to two stiff wires, which are in turn attached to a thin metal filament, hence the name filament lamp. The filament is a long thin piece of metal wire, which is coiled, and then coiled again. The filament is constructed in such a manner to make the resistance in the wire as high as possible. This is because, as the resistance in the wire increases, the filament in the lamp heats up more quickly, and therefore causing the filament to also glow more quickly. To increase the resistance in the wire, and also the temperature, the filament is made out of a metal, a good conductor of electricity, the cross-sectional area of the wire is as small as possible, in order to inc rease the resistance. Finally, the filament is coiled tightly twice so the length of the wire can be as long as possible. This is because as length of the wire increases, the resistance will also increase. The most commonly used material to manufacture the metal element out of is tungsten, chosen because of its high melting temperature. The tungsten filament sits in the middle of a bulb, held up by a glass mount, and the wires and filament are housed in a glass bulb which is filled with an inert glass, such as argon. The whole objective of a filament lamp is to pass electrical current through the tungsten filament in order to give off light. However, as well as giving off light, heat is also given off as wasted energy, which has no usage. As the voltage increases, the current flowing through the filament will also increase, meaning both more light and heat are also given off. Filament lamps are not particularly efficient as most of the energy produced is given off as heat energy, which has no use, instead of light energy. Inert gases are used in the glass bulb of a filament lamp to reduce the evaporation of the tungsten filament, which therefore greatly prolongs the life of the bulb, making it more economical. In order to investigate the characteristics of a filament lamp, a simple circuit could be set up in order to discover how much the current in the circuit changes as the voltage is altered. From these two results, Ohms law could be employed to work out the resistance. The results could then be plotted onto a number of line graphs in order to prove the prediction either correct or incorrect. If the results from an experiment involving current and voltage are plotted onto a line graph and the line of best fit forms a straight line, the current (I) is therefore proportional to the voltage (V), an indication of Ohms law. As well as being a useful method for working out the resistance in a circuit (R=V/I), Ohms law also states that the steeper a graph will be, the lower the resistance in the circuit. The flatter the graph is, the higher the resistance. A substance which produces a straight graph such like this is referred to as an Ohmic conductor. Copper wire and all other metals give this shape of graph, unless a change in temperature occurs. It is a scientifically proven fact that filament lamps are non-ohmic conductors because any results taken from experiments involving filament lamps do not produce straight lines with the values recorded. Instead, successful experiments result in the line of best fit becoming a gentle curve towards the top end of the graph. However, as it says above, the material most commonly used to manufacture filament lamps is tungsten, a metal. As the lines of best fit for all experiments involving current, voltage and metals are an indication of Ohms law, unless a change of temperature occurs. It is therefore possible to state that a change of temperature does indeed occur when a filament lamp is used in a circuit. As the voltage in a circuit is increased, more current will flow. As more current flows the metal filament will get hotter, causing the resistance to increase. This will cause the line of best fit to become flatter as the voltage increases. In order to determine which instruments and what values would be suitable to ensure that the best results possible could be obtained from the experiment, a preliminary investigation should be carried out, using potential apparatus. From these results the range of measurements needed could also be discovered. After carrying out the preliminary investigation, the best way to display the results from the main investigation itself would be to record each repeat into a simple results table, and then to work out the average current. Once the mean current has been calculated, the resistance could be also calculated. It is important to repeat the experiment a number of times, as if the experiment was only calculated once, the result would not be as accurate, and would be more likely to be anomalous. After both the mean current and the average resistance had been mathematically calculated, line graphs could be drawn and compared against the typical filament lamp graph above. In all graphs, the voltage should feature along the x axis as it is what is being controlled and changed in order to see what effect change will have on the current. A conclusion can be drawn by analysing graphs of the results recorded and comparing the graph with the typical filament lamp graph. The more similar the graphs collected from the results are to the typical filament lamp graph, the more accurate the experiment has been. However, if the graphs begin to show the shape of the filament lamp graph, yet do not fully show the shape, the investigation could be extended by taking more recordings, and drawing a new graph. The investigation could be extended further by using the same circuit to investigate a different component, such as an electric heater and seeing how the current in the heater changes as the voltage is altered. Alternatively, a different variable could be controlled, such as the number of components in a circuit, instead of the voltage. Already during the course of this academic year, I have carried out a number of experiments in class involving different components, such as diodes, although not in as much detail. The circuit diagram used in this experiment could merely be adapted from the other experiments, substituting the previous components for the filament lamp. Bibliography of Scientific Knowledge: i.) http://www.howstuffworks.com How Light Bulbs Work ii.)http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/edison.html The Scientific Career of Thomas Edison iii.)Physics For You by Keith Johnson iv.) GCSE Physics Revision Guide Published by CGP publications Variables: i.) Cross-sectional area of the filament ii.) Material type of the filament iii.) Length of the filament iv.) Voltage flowing through the circuit *NB: As the voltage is increased during the course of the investigation, more current will flow through the wire, causing the temperature to increase. It is already known that temperature affects the resistance in a circuit, yet, it cannot be controlled as a variable because the filament glows, giving off light and heat as energy, as it reaches a high temperature. Therefore, if the temperature was controlled as part of fair testing, the filament would not glow, and there would be no experiment! Chosen Variable: Voltage, as it can be easily controlled and accurately changed and measured, thus giving a conclusive range of results, and values which can be plotted easily onto a graph. Apparatus: Filament Lamp DC Power Supply Ammeter Voltmeter Wires Circuit Diagram: Fair Testing and Safety: In order to make the results acquired as accurate as possible, each voltage should be repeated three times, and the mean average of these three should be taken as the final reading. This would increase accuracy. The same pieces of apparatus should be used for each repeat, as even a slight variation in a piece of the apparatus such as the length of one wire may change the resistance in the circuit. Although the internal temperature in the filament lamp will increase as a indirect result of the voltage in the circuit being increased, the external temperature should be kept as consistent as possible. This is because the external temperature may affect the temperature of the wire, causing the electrons to gain more energy. All typical safety rules for lab work should be followed. These include no running whilst experiments are in progress, hair tied back, jewellery tucked away and carrying out all experiments on benches clear of school books and standing up with stools tucked under benches. Also, as the voltage is increased more current flows through the circuit. As this happens, it is extremely likely that the apparatus shall become hot, so particular care should be taken whilst handling it. In order to protect the benches, any apparatus which is likely to become hot should be placed on a heatproof mat. Preliminary Measurements: To get an idea of what range of measurements would get the best results, a circuit was set up using all of the apparatus which would be included in the final experiment. The preliminary investigation was also useful to discover whether I would prefer to use analogue meters or digital meters in the final experiment. After increasing the DC voltage by different ranges each time, using both types of meters, I concluded that it would be best to start from 0.5V and to finish at 6V, increasing in steps of 0.5V each time. This would give me quite an extensive range of numerical results. After this range had been repeated two more times, I could work out the mean current, and from the mean current I could work out the average resistance. Once I had discovered the average resistance, I could plot this value on the graph. When all the values had been plotted on the graph, a line of best fit could be drawn. By using both the meters in the preliminary measurements, I decided to work with the digital meters in order to measure the voltage. This was because I felt that it was easier to read accurately the voltage on the meter than with the analogue meters. On the analogue meters the needle kept moving around quickly, and did not seem to stabilize on one single value. Number of Repeats: 2 (three in total) Number of Measurements: 36 in total Range of Measurements: 0.5V 6.0V (12 individual measurements per repeat) Method: The circuit diagram mentioned above was set up using the specified apparatus. The fair test and safety requirements were strictly followed. The voltage was increased from 0.5V to 6.0V, in steps of 0.5V each time. The results gained were recorded in a table, and once the voltage had been increased up to 6V, the experiment was repeated twice more. Once all the required values had been gained, the three separate results for each voltage were added together and divided by three, in order to find the average current. Once this had been discovered, Ohms law (R=V/I) was employed to work out the resistance in ?. This mathematical process was repeated for each of the voltages. These values were then plotted onto a line graph with intention of discovering if the experiment followed the general trend of graphs involving filament lamps not being straight lines, therefore making them non-ohmic conductors. After graphs had been plotted showing the relationship between voltage and current, the graphs were analysed and any anomalous results were accounted for. The graphs then were used in order to draw a conclusion and to help explain how the current in the lamp changed as the voltage was altered. Results: Voltage (V) Current (I) 1st Repeat Current (I) 2nd Repeat Current (I) 3rd Repeat Average Current (I) Average Resistance ? 0.5 0.51 0.60 0.57 0.56 0.89 1.0 0.63 0.69 0.68 0.67 1.49 1.5 0.70 0.77 0.75 0.74 2.03 2.0 0.80 0.82 0.82 0.81 2.47 2.5 0.87 0.90 0.88 0.88 2.84 3.0 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 3.16 3.5 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.00 3.50 4.0 1.05 1.07 1.07 1.06 3.77 4.5 1.10 1.12 1.12 1.11 4.05 5.0 1.15 1.18 1.17 1.17 4.27 5.5 1.21 1.22 1.21 1.21 4.55 6.0 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.26 4.76 For each different voltage, the three current repeats were added together and then divided by three to calculate mathematically an average current. From these results, a line graph was plotted using the voltage (V) and the average current (I), in order to discover how the average current in the circuit changed as the voltage was increased. There were no anomalous results present on the graph, which is an indication that the test was carried out fairly and accurately. However, the line of best fit only began to curve slightly towards the end of the results, and therefore was starting to show that the filament lamp in an non-ohmic conductor. I then decided to extend the range of results until 10.0V, again taking three repeats of the current. In order to continue ensuring that the test was indeed fair, I used the same equipment as I did for the first part of the results. I followed the safety and fair testing requirements as strictly as before. Results (Part ii): Voltage (V) Current (I) 1st Repeat Current (I) 2nd Repeat Current (I) 3rd Repeat Average Current (I) Average Resistance ? 6.5 1.31 1.32 1.31 1.31 5.00 7.0 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.35 5.19 7.5 1.39 1.38 1.39 1.39 5.40 8.0 1.41 1.44 1.42 1.42 5.63 8.5 1.48 1.45 1.43 1.45 5.86 9.0 1.47 1.47 1.46 1.47 6.12 9.5 1.51 1.49 1.50 1.50 6.33 10.0 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.52 6.58 Although the aim of the investigation was to discover the relationship between voltage and current in a filament lamp, I also took the average resistance and plotted it against the voltage to show that as the voltage is increased in a circuit, the resistance will also increase, due to the change in temperature which occurs as a result of more energy flowing through the filament. Voltage (V) Resistance ? 0.5 0.89 1.0 1.49 1.5 2.03 2.0 2.47 2.5 2.84 3.0 3.16 3.5 3.50 4.0 3.77 4.5 4.05 5.0 4.27 5.5 4.55 6.0 4.76 6.5 5.00 7.0 5.19 7.5 5.40 8.0 5.63 8.5 5.86 9.0 6.12 9.5 6.33 10.0 6.58 Analysis of Results: The second line graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the average current in a filament lamp produces a curve. The curve begins very slightly at first and then gradually becomes steeper; similar to the one of x2 . It shows that as the voltage was increased, the current that was flowing through the wire also increased. There were no identifiable anomalous results in either of the two graphs showing the voltage/current relationship. The line graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the average resistance in the filament lamp also produces a curve extremely similar to that of the line graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the average current. There is only one identifiable anomalous result on the voltage/average resistance graph at 7.0V. This is most likely to be down to human error when recording the results either during the experiment or when plotting the graph. It may have also been a mistake made when calculating the average resistance, but as I checked all the resistances three times, this scenario is less likely. Conclusion: From the results recorded and the line graphs produced of the results, I feel that I have proved my prediction from the beginning of the investigation correct. The results turned out as I expected, because they show that the filament lamp was indeed a non-ohmic conductor. This is because as the chosen variable of voltage was increased, more current flowed through the circuit, yet it did not obey Ohms law (R=V/I) because the voltage was not directly proportional to the current, causing the line of best fit to curve. All graphs drawn from the results values were similar to the typical non-ohmic conductor sketch graph I included in the scientific knowledge. As the both the voltage and the current in the circuit were increased, the temperature also increased. This was also reflected on the line graphs as it is already accepted that the higher the temperature is in a circuit, the higher the resistance will be. It is already widely scientific knowledge that Ohms law also states that the steeper the line of best fit is in a graph such as this one, the lower the resistance will be in a circuit and the flatter the line of best fit, the higher the resistance. Therefore, as the voltage increased, the line began to curve and become flatter, because of the higher temperature, and higher resistance, in the circuit. Evaluation: As the aim of the investigation was fulfilled, and my prediction was proved correct, I feel that it was successful. I also think that the results were accurate enough to prove the hypothesis correct, as the measures taken to ensure that the results were taken under entirely fair conditions were strict. I also think that the results are reliable because the experiment was repeated three times and the average current was taken as the final result, which would be more accurate than taking merely the one set of results and plotting those values on the graph. The results were taken within one double period in the laboratory, allowing my group to use the same equipment for each repeat. When it was discovered that the first set of results only began to show the curve, the circuit was fortunately still set up, allowing us to continue from where we left off. However, this is the only part of the investigation where the fair testing was slightly lax, as the filament lamp had had a chance to cool down when we started to continue the experiment, meaning that the resistance in the circuit would probably have decreased slightly. With hindsight, I should have drawn graphs using the preliminary results, which would have shown that the values only started to curve. We would have then known to continue to 10V without stopping for a while at 6V. Out of the three line graphs I drew from the final results, there was only one identifiable anomalous result, in the graph showing the relationship between the voltage and the average resistance in the lamp. However, as it only just did not fit in with the line of best fit it may have been down to human error whilst reading from the ammeter, or whilst it was plotted onto the graph. It is relatively easy to make such a mistake when recording results because there are so many to read from the ammeter, and it fluctuates rapidly before settling on a final result. By choosing to use digital ammeters rather than analogue ammeters, I feel I decreased the chance of human error as it is easier to read a LCD screen which fluctuates rather than a swinging needle. Human error could also be reduced by being allowed to take more time over the experiment; more repetitions of the results would make anomalies more obvious and increase the reliability of the results further. This investigation could be extended by choosing to look at other variables which would affect the rate of resistance, such as the material which the wire is made from, the cross-sectional area of the wire, the number of components in the circuit, or the length of the wire. A different component, such as an electrical heater, could also be investigated with the variable of voltage.

Free Essays on SOS Transmission Through Celluar Phones To Help Accident Victims

This paper describes an ORIGINAL IDEA to help cellular phone users caught in an accident. The idea has been developed keeping in mind the considerations of cost and compatibility with existing system. The Short Message Service or SMS as it is popularly referred to, is made use of for this purpose. The solution offered is the Force-Transducer method. The victim is assumed to be unconscious and the accident is detected automatically. Detailed simulation results at a scaled down level are provided for this solution. The threshold level is set based on data collected from the experiments. One major problem in such design is the technique to find the victim’s position. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is found to be costly. So, an unorthodox design using Radio Direction Finders (RDF) and beacon signals is described. The Goniometer or Crossed Loop Antenna is used for this purpose. This reduces cost effectively when compared with the GPS system. The paper proceeds to suggest an abstract view of the software robot required to perform the Save Our Souls (SOS) message routing task. It uses a special hierarchical message dispatch system wherein people nearby and more likely to help are contacted. The robot also acts as a proxy to the victim and monitors responses for him. This paper as a whole gives a cost-effective, high performance system which can be introduced in the market if any of the cellular companies are willing to encourage it.... Free Essays on SOS Transmission Through Celluar Phones To Help Accident Victims Free Essays on SOS Transmission Through Celluar Phones To Help Accident Victims This paper describes an ORIGINAL IDEA to help cellular phone users caught in an accident. The idea has been developed keeping in mind the considerations of cost and compatibility with existing system. The Short Message Service or SMS as it is popularly referred to, is made use of for this purpose. The solution offered is the Force-Transducer method. The victim is assumed to be unconscious and the accident is detected automatically. Detailed simulation results at a scaled down level are provided for this solution. The threshold level is set based on data collected from the experiments. One major problem in such design is the technique to find the victim’s position. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is found to be costly. So, an unorthodox design using Radio Direction Finders (RDF) and beacon signals is described. The Goniometer or Crossed Loop Antenna is used for this purpose. This reduces cost effectively when compared with the GPS system. The paper proceeds to suggest an abstract view of the software robot required to perform the Save Our Souls (SOS) message routing task. It uses a special hierarchical message dispatch system wherein people nearby and more likely to help are contacted. The robot also acts as a proxy to the victim and monitors responses for him. This paper as a whole gives a cost-effective, high performance system which can be introduced in the market if any of the cellular companies are willing to encourage it....

Business Capstone Video Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Capstone Video - Assignment Example CSC Australia Pvt. Ltd. is a company that provides business solutions that are driven by technology. The company mainly caters to the public and private sector in Australia. While balancing the operations and interests of the stakeholders, the company has to face various issues. Michael Horton who works for CSC Australia is one of the key personnel of the company. He manages various accounts f natural resources clients. The government clients are also looked after by him. In an interview, he described the issues being faced by the company. He stated that one of the primary issues of the company is related to liability capping which is negotiated at the start of any contract. Liability capping comes in the form of an agreement which restricts the amount of money that has to be paid by CSC in case the clients sue it during the breach of any contract or negligent of conditions set by a contract. This is an essential tool that helps the company to manage. Liability contracts can be very useful if they are properly evaluated and implemented. The exclusion of liability capping has some implications which can be evaluated. It is essential to understand the primary obligations mentioned in a contract. This can be related to the service that CSC would provide to his clients within the specified deadline. CSC also evaluates the losses that the government has to borne in case if the company fails to deliver the services mentioned in the contract. The magnitude of loss has to be determined. Then, it is the government’s responsibility to mitigate the effects of the loss. In case losses occur, CSC is liable to compensate its clients so that all direct and consequential losses suffered are recovered in the process.

Compare Chinese monster and American monster Essay

Compare Chinese monster and American monster - Essay Example Chinese holds the Spring Festival to commemorate Nian Monster. Besides, they consider the Spring Festival as the grandest, most magnificent festival in the history of the country’s culture. On the other hand, Momo the Missouri Monster is a hairy, foul-smelling monster. According to Taylor (130), Momo, in simple term refers to Bigfoot. It was first reported in 1971 and identified to live in Missouri. Since that time, the monster has been spotted up and down the Mississippi river. In the first scenario, two picnickers asserted that they saw the monster come out the woods nearby. The foul-smelling creature allegedly ate their food while they locked themselves inside the car. In the second scenario, local children (Doris, Wally and Terry) reportedly saw Momo walk regally past them hauling a dead dog. The fundamental differences between the two legends, Nian and Momo, highlight the deep-seated cultural variation and beliefs between Chinese and Americans. In this regard, this paper tries to compare the existence of Nian vs. Momo the Missouri Monster and their importance to Chinese and American cultures respectively. Nian was a furious monster that allegedly descended from the mountains or under the sea to hunt people every 1st and 15th of the lunar month. Thus, people locked their doors very early before nightfall on the days the creature was likely come (Wong 27). Although the monster attacked anyone regardless of gender, it mainly preferred children. Parents were terrified of a possible fatal attack on their children who often played outside their homes. The old man in the village thought the panic in people perhaps made the monster furious and so bold. He asked the people to come together and find a way of conquering the monster. According to the old man, burning of bamboo, beating gongs and drums, lighting off fireworks would be an effective approach to conquering Nian (Wong 27). He believed that large noises would threaten and scare away the horrible monster.

Rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

Rate of reaction Essay Evaluation: I think that overall, our experiments/investigation was successful except for minor things such as the occasional odd results. On the first graph, these can be identified as when the lines representing 1. 25 and 1. 5 molar kept on crossing over each other. They were very similar. In theory, all the lines should be apart because the rate of reaction should be increasing every time. Another odd result is that on the second graph, the point which represents 1 molar is no where near the line of best fit. All points should either lie on the line or be pretty close to it. I believe that we got these odd results because our human errors. We may not have collected all the gas produced. Or the gas could have been caught in the collecting tube and this may have resulted in the long time needed for the reaction. I believe that the method provided with us has a few faults that I would like to point out. Firstly, when the magnesium piece is dropped first, then the acid poured, time is taken for the all the acid to drop but as soon as the first drop touches the magnesium it will react. This means that hydrogen gas would have been produced when pouring in the acid and lost through the open top. To change this, I would say in the method that the acid should be poured in to the test tube first then the magnesium piece, as the cork can be replaced without the metal touching the acid and no hydrogen gas would be lost. Secondly, gas can get trapped in the collecting tube as it faces down. When the first amount of gas is produced, it is followed by more which results in the gas pushing forward for more space because it cant be compressed. When the last amount of gas is produced, nothing is there to push it forward so it just floats around without reaching the measuring cylinder. I dont really have any improvements for the method but you could try to keep the measuring cylinder closer to the test tube and keep it at an elevated position. This way, more gas reaches it. We should have taken more care when handling the glass equipment as a measuring cylinder had been pushed over the ledge of the worktop and smashed when it had contact with the ground. Overall, the method was good but like everything else, it could be improved. It was generally a fair test but a few things may have altered the results, such as after a few of the first experiments, one of the windows was opened in the room and cold air rushed in. I dont if this had anything to do with the experiment but it could be something to think over when planning the next investigation. I feel that the measurements were easy to take measurements as we didnt miss a single reading. We could have repeated the experiment once more to be a little more accurate, the more results there are, the better it is after all. All the graphs showed a pattern to do with the concentration levels of the acids, the trends got higher for rate of reaction, the time decreased for stronger acids and less time was taken to. We kept the few odd results we got as it gave us something to talk about and think about in the future. I strongly believe that the results that we got, supported our conclusion as no matter whose results you saw, all showed the same trend and this proves that the results were reliable. Next time, I would use more concentrations of acids, so that we can be even more accurate and sure about the results. Further investigations you could think about could be changing the temperature of the experiment and investigate if it alters your experiments at all. You could also change the surface area of the metal such as having a block, or reacting it in a powder form. Catalysts could be added to the reaction to see if they show a major difference. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Compare and contrast the view that ‘An Arrest’ is a tale of nature Essa

Compare and contrast the view that An Arrest is a tale of nature rejecting a human villain with the view that it is concerned only with a vengeful superego ‘An Arrest’ is an ambiguous story. You can look at it in different ways. One way to see it is as a tale of nature rejecting a human villain. This view is put forward right from the beginning. When the narrator uses words such as â€Å"confined† and â€Å"fugitive† to describe the state of Orrin Brower, he creates the image of an animal isolated from human society. This is because ‘confined’ is usually a word to do with animals or mad people who are not allowed to be in contact with humans Further evidence to support the argument of Orrin Brower being portrayed as a savage beast comes when the author writes that he had, â€Å"recovered liberty,† which is like an animal being released into the wild. Orrin Brower does not feel guilty for beating Burton Duff or think of the consequences of his actions, as a human would; he only feels and acknowledges his freedom which is an animal-like thing to do. When he is on the run he decides to escape to the forest which may be as he is treated like an animal he starts to believe that he is one. The fact that the narrator states ‘he had the folly to enter a forest’ suggests that even though he thinks of himself as an animal, Brower is not and therefore does not belong in the forest- this proves that nature will inevitably try to discard him. As he enters the forest, we are told that ‘the night was pretty dark with neither moon nor stars visible’ which could be seen as a nature trying to confuse Brower. We begin to doubt Brower’s animal-like image when Bierce writes, â€Å"Brower had never dwelt thereabout, and knew nothing of the lay ... ...re following him to the prison was not human at all. As I mentioned earlier Brower has committed some serious crimes which are the result of the id part of his brain taking over. The id is the part of our brain which wants all our basic needs- our Inner Desires- such as sleep, food and sex. However our superego stops us from becoming lazy, greedy or rapists. What happened to Brower is that his id took over and his superego was shunned so he committed these crimes without any guilt. At the clearing in the forest, Brower’s superego suddenly starts operating again and conjures up the image to make the guilty conscience, which comes with it, disappear by sending him back to justice. Bierce seems to have dropped many hints to leave both views arguably correct. Personally, I think Bierce has done this deliberately to leave the story as ambiguous as the title.

Business in context

What responses do you have to the reading or video e. G. Fresh understandings, opinions, Insights or questions? What connections does the related additional reading or video have with the required reading or video? How does It reinforce or critique the ideas In the required reading/evolved? This reading presents us the approach of utilitarianism, real life cases that related to utilitarianism, three common mistakes that people usually make when they applying Utilitarianism and the difficulties of measuring utility.Case 1 When Ford motor company was having dilemma of modifying pinto's gas tank or keep the original design, they chose to use utilitarian approach to calculate the utility of tooth options and the result Is cost over benefit, so they chose to risk their customers' lives rather than correcting their poorly designed cars. Case 2 Lawrence summers The director of the white house wrote a memo that proposed shipping wastes form rich countries to poor countries is a beneficial ac tion to world's welfare and he make 4 arguments and I think the first 3 are supported by utilitarianism. Understandings: utilitarianism support that the right action is one that produces the most utility and minimizing the negatives, and the utility that reduced by the action Is not only for the person performing the action but also for all person involved in the action. Question: In the end of the reading it clearly states that health and life is beyond measuring, but Ford company and Lawrence they are putting a price on each person. Is not it would considering as an UN-ethical action? If it is not then I think we are nothing but slaves In this world.In my opinion the additional video is not quit related to the required reading. Peter singer's ethics says that every Individual has their own interests and It Is perfectly normal that we want to spend our money on expensive reduces under our own desires, but it will be considering as ethical action if a person spend money on contribut ing the would instead of buying luxuries. And he also states that the purpose of life is making the world a better place by one's actions and presence. Lecture 2 Required Reading Reference: Shaw, W. Barry, B. & Sandburs, G. (2009). Moral issues In business (1st Asia-Pacific De. ). Melbourne, Australia: Coinage (Kantian ethics). Up 71-78 Lecture 2 Dilation Reading Reference: California Newsreel. (2008, December 2). Health for Sale . Retrieved from: http:// www. Youth. Com/watch? V=Jukeboxes Record a brief description of what the required reading was about. What responses do you have to the reading or video e. G. Fresh understandings, opinions, insights or questions?What connections does the related additional reading or video have with the required reading or video? How does It reinforce or critique the Ideas In the required reading/evolved? Kantian ethics consequences are, and the performer must motive by good wills. An action might looks like an ethical action but if it was motive by self-interests or there concerns then this action will be considering as lack of moral worth (recording to the shop assistant case) Formulate an universal law that applies on all our actions is what Kant wanted.And this categorical imperative rule is the measurement of ethic or UN-ethic. Understanding: After reading this article I realized that everything we do has a propose, if the foundation of the propose is good will then it is ethical, but if the propose is not based on good will then it is not ethical. Question: What if an action is following one's good will but in the same time it might break the universal law? This video is about UN-ethical behaviors of the world pharmaceutical market. 5% of drags were used on 11% of the people who need them and can afford them, But only 15% of drags were used on 89% of people who need them but do not have the money to buy them. And some drags are no longer producing because the people who need them could not afford them, the poor people are not the target of pharmaceutical market. This kind of behaviors is UN-ethical because drags were meant to help people not only focus on making profit, companies ignored the poor is not an action of good will recording to Kantian theory.